LearnIt

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TryIt

Finding ideas

Kinds of Sources

  • In this section you will learn differences between academic and popular sources and between primary and secondary sources.

    Why?

    Understanding the differences between different kinds of sources helps you choose the sources that will be more persuasive for your particular audiences and purposes.

    How?

    Click the four “LearnIt” tabs to the left to see four scenarios in which students consider sources they have chosen for different contexts.

    In each scenario, you can choose among possible sources — and then see how other students and teachers respond. As you choose sources, you will build a list of the qualities of academic and popular sources and of primary and secondary sources.

    When you finish learning about these differences, test your understanding by clicking the “TryIt” tab to the left.

    • Wikipedia The American Civil War

      Popular source.

      view source

      How to identify popular sources.

    • Library of Congress U.S. Civil War: Selected Resources

      Primary source.

      view source

      How to identify primary sources.

    • The New York Times Resources on the American Civil War

      Popular source.

      view source

      How to identify popular sources.

    • Harvard University Press on Google Books Daughters of the Union: Northern Women Fight the Civil War

      Academic source.

      view source

      How to identify academic sources.

    Users Post
    • Response 1
    • Response 2
    • Response 3
    • Response 4
    • Wikipedia:
      The American Civil War
      view source
    • Library of Congress:
      U.S. Civil War: Selected Resources
      view source
    • The New York Times:
      Resources on the American Civil War
      view source
    • Harvard University Press:
      on Google Books
      Daughters of the Union: Northern Women Fight the Civil War
      view source
    • The New York Times "On College Forms, A Question of Race…"

      Secondary source.

      How to identify secondary sources.

    • Poem Langston Hughes’s "Theme for English B"

      Primary source.

      How to identify primary sources.

    • themash.com "Color Coded"

      Popular source.

      How to identify popular sources.

    • Journal of College Student Development: "The Relation of Ethnic Identity, Racial Identity, and Race-Related Stress…"

      Academic source.

      How to identify academic sources.

    • Your browser does not support the video tag. Users Post
    • Your browser does not support the video tag. Users Post
    • Your browser does not support the video tag. Users Post
    • Your browser does not support the video tag. Users Post
    • The New York Times:
      "On College Forms, A Question of Race…"
    • Poem:
      Langston Hughes’s "Theme for English B"
    • themash.com:
      "Color Coded"
    • Journal of College Student Development:
      "The Relation of Ethnic Identity, Racial Identity, and Race-Related Stress…"
    • BizEd magazine “Treating Students Like Customers”

      Academic source.

      How to identify academic sources.

    • Quality in Higher Education “Are Students Customers? Perceptions of Academic Staff”

      Academic source.

      How to identify academic sources.

    • The student’s aunt Primary source.

      How to identify primary sources.

    • The Chronicle of Higher Education “Educating our ‘customers’”

      Popular source.

      How to identify popular sources.

    In the classroom
    • Treating students like customers
    • Are Students Customers
    • The students Aunt
    • Educating our customers
    • Treating students like customers - possible source
      BizEd magazine
      “Treating Students Like Customers”
    • Are students customers - possible source
      Quality in Higher Education
      “Are Students Customers? Perceptions of Academic Staff”
    • Aunt Anne - possible source
      The student’s aunt.
    • Educating our customers - possible source
      The Chronicle of Higher Education
      “Educating our ‘customers’”
    • BizEd magazine “Treating Students Like Customers”

      Secondary source.

      How to identify secondary sources.

    • Educational Research and Reviews “Analytical observations of the applicability of the concept of student-as-customer in a university setting”

      Academic source.

      How to identify academic sources.

      Secondary source.

      How to identify secondary sources.

    • Psychology Today “I’ll Have Large Fries, a Hamburger, a Diet Coke, and an MBA. Hold the Pickles.”

      Primary source.

      How to identify primary sources.

    • Paper written for class “Report on class interviews”

      Primary source.

      How to identify primary sources.

    Sample Paper
    • Treating students like customers - possible source
      BizEd magazine
      “Treating Students Like Customers”
    • Analytical observations - sample paper
      Educational Research and Reviews
      “Analytical observations of the applicability of the concept of student-as-customer in a university setting”
    • Psychology Today
      “I’ll Have Large Fries, a Hamburger, a Diet Coke, and an MBA. Hold the Pickles.”
    • Paper written for class
      “Report on class interviews”
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Academic Sources

  • Writers have academic credentials
  • Sources are cited and listed
  • Articles are reviewed by peers who are expert
  • Purpose is to spread knowledge
  • Writers aren't paid
  • Use specialized language

Popular Sources

  • Writers can be anyone
  • Sources are rarely provided
  • Articles not peer reviewed
  • Purpose is to entertain
  • Writers are often paid
  • Use language for general audience>

Primary Sources

  • Are someone's original words or photographs
  • Diaries, letters, blogs, eyewitness accounts, speeches, emails
  • Novels, stories, poems
  • Field research you conduct

Secondary Sources

  • Are someone's commentary about or analysis of a primary source
  • Biographies, encyclopedias, news articles
  • Academic articles
ACADEMIC SOURCES
  • »
    writers have academic credentials
  • »
    sources are cited and listed
  • »
    articles are reviewed by peers who are experts
  • »
    purpose is to spread knowledge
  • »
    writers aren't paid
  • »
    use specialized language
POPULAR SOURCES
  • »
    writers can be anyone
  • »
    sources are rarely provided
  • »
    articles not peer reviewed
  • »
    purpose is to entertain
  • »
    writers are often paid
  • »
    use language for general audience
PRIMARY SOURCES
  • »
    are someone's original words or photographs
  • »
    diaries, letters, blogs, eyewitness accounts, speeches, emails
  • »
    novels, stories, poems
  • »
    field research you conduct
SECONDARY SOURCES
  • »
    are someone's commentary about or analysis of a primary source
  • »
    biographies, encyclopedias, news articles
  • »
    academic articles